GHK-Cu
Clinical evidenceStrong, repeated clinical trial evidence for skin and wound healing (see Healing & recovery); smaller human trials also show real improvements in hair count and follicle density with topical use, resting on smaller trials than the skin evidence.
For skin: see the full GHK-Cu entry under Healing & recovery. The scar-reduction, wound-closure and collagen-increase trials there apply directly to the skin and aesthetic use case, extending beyond wound repair to collagen stimulation and visible skin quality. For hair specifically the evidence is real and thinner: a 2016 RCT using a GHK peptide formulation found significant hair-count increases after 6 months of topical use vs. placebo in men with pattern hair loss, and a 2015 study combining GHK-Cu with other hair-active peptides outperformed placebo on follicle density and diameter. The mechanism (VEGF upregulation, TGF-β1 suppression, Wnt/β-catenin activation in dermal papilla cells) is well-characterized in lab research. Honest summary: a well-understood mechanism, positive animal data, and a cluster of smaller positive human studies. Large-scale RCTs remain to be run.
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