Tirzepatide
Clinical evidence
Clinical trials report substantial average weight reduction (16–22%), generally greater than semaglutide in head-to-head comparison.
Phase 3 SURMOUNT-1 (NEJM): average weight reductions of 16.0–22.5% across dose groups over 72 weeks in adults with obesity/overweight, vs. 2.4% with placebo; 89–96% of participants achieved ≥5% body weight reduction vs. 28% on placebo. SURMOUNT-5 (head-to-head vs. semaglutide): −20.2% vs. −13.7% at 72 weeks, tirzepatide showing significantly greater reduction. SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN (The Lancet): continuing tirzepatide (5–15mg) maintained weight loss vs. switching to placebo.
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Retatrutide
Clinical evidence
Phase 2 trial reports the largest average weight reduction of any compound studied here (up to 24% at 48 weeks), alongside improved cardiometabolic markers.
Phase 2 trial (NEJM): mean weight reduction up to 17.5% at 24 weeks (primary endpoint), up to 24.2% at 48 weeks (secondary endpoint), the largest reported average reduction of any compound in this catalog. Also associated with improvements in blood pressure, triglycerides, LDL/total cholesterol, HbA1c, fasting glucose/insulin. 338-participant randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Safety profile similar to other incretin-based therapies.
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Semaglutide
Clinical evidence
Two-year trial data shows sustained ~15% average weight loss vs. ~3% on placebo, with GI side effects being the most common tradeoff.
STEP 1 (NEJM): −14.9% body weight vs. −2.4% placebo at 68 weeks; 86.4% achieved ≥5% weight loss vs. 31.5% on placebo. STEP 5 (2-year follow-up, Nature Medicine): −15.2% vs. −2.6% at 104 weeks, sustained over two years. GI side effects (nausea, etc.) more common than placebo (82.2% vs. 53.9%), mostly mild-to-moderate.
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Cagrilintide
Clinical evidence
Monotherapy trials report ~12% average weight loss; combined with semaglutide, most participants achieved 20%+ weight loss in a large Phase 3 trial.
Monotherapy trial (3,417 participants, 68 weeks): 11.8% average weight reduction vs. 2.3% placebo; 31.6% achieved ≥15% weight loss vs. 4.7% on placebo. REDEFINE 1 (combined with semaglutide as "CagriSema"): 60% of participants achieved ≥20% weight loss, 23% achieved ≥30%; also improved blood pressure, waist circumference, lipids, glycemic control (88% of prediabetic participants returned to normoglycemia). Distinct mechanism from GLP-1s: an amylin analog, targeting satiety via a different pathway.
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AOD-9604
Clinical evidence
An early trial reported modest fat-specific loss; a larger follow-up trial found no significant effect, and development was discontinued in 2007.
A 12-week, 300-participant trial found a modest average loss of 2.6kg vs. 0.8kg placebo (fat-specific, sparing lean mass), but a larger, longer 24-week trial of 536 participants found no significant weight reduction, and development was discontinued in 2007. Never received FDA approval for any indication.
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5-Amino-1MQ
Evidence to date is entirely preclinical, from mouse research. Any weight-loss figure quoted for this compound comes from animal models rather than people.
The evidence base is entirely preclinical: efficacy and safety data come from animal models, and the compound is sold as an unregulated research chemical with no regulatory approval. Mouse studies (diet-induced-obese mice, NNMT inhibition) reported reduced body weight and fat mass without reduced food intake, plus lower cholesterol. Vendor dosing guidance is extrapolated from that animal data.
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This is a summary of published and preclinical research, not medical advice. Every entry describes what a study found, not what you should do. These compounds are supplied for laboratory research only.
